Sitting versus standing work postures during simulated laparoscopic surgery: in terms of user preferences, comfort, performance and biomechanics

Abstract

Prolonged standing in surgery has been linked to an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to determine whether sitting could serve as an alternative work posture in laparoscopic procedures. Twenty medical students in their third and fourth years were recruited. Sitting and standing were compared at two task complexity levels on a laparoscopic surgery simulator. Measured variables included user posture preferences, perceived discomfort, performance and biomechanics. Electromyography data from the upper trapezius and erector spinae muscles were analysed. Results showed that posture did not affect surgical performance and erector spinae muscle activation. Sitting showed higher muscle activation at the trapezius muscles; however, perceived discomfort was unaffected. Most participants preferred sitting for the difficult task and standing for the easy task. Findings showed that sitting, with appropriate seat design considerations, could serve as an alternative or even as a preferred work posture for simulated laparoscopic procedures.

Practitioner Summary

Prolonged standing in surgery has been linked to increased musculoskeletal disorder risks. This study investigated sitting as a potential alternative work posture to standing. Both postures were tested during simulated laparoscopic procedures. Results showed that sitting can serve as an alternative or even preferred work posture for simulated laparoscopic surgery.

Keywords:

• ergonomics
• electromyography
• biomechanics
• laparoscopy

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM) and the University Research Board at the American University of Beirut under Grant #: 103780. This research was also based on the master thesis of Ms. Ilham Abousaleh, titled: ‘Seated vs. Standing Work Postures during Simulated Laparoscopic Procedures in terms of Muscle Loading, Comfort and Performance.’

Disclosure statement

The authors report that there are no competing interests to declare.