Summary
Aims and Methods: During colorectal carcinogenesis, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) undergoes a functional change from suppression of cancer cell proliferation to inhibition of T cell mediated anti-cancer immunity. We aimed to evaluate relations among TGF-β1 and cancer cell survival factors hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) by immunohistochemistry in 108 colorectal cancers.
Results: TGF-β1 was detected in 87% (94/108), HIF-1α in 85% (92/108), and GLUT-1 in 65% (70/108) of colorectal cancers. Not only did TGF-β1 accumulate in cytoplasm of cancer cells but also there was strong immunoreactivity to TGF-β1 in adjacent inflammatory cells. GLUT-1 was visualised in a membranous fashion while HIF-1 was expressed in a paranuclear pattern and occasionally in nuclei of malignant cells. Cancer immunoreactivities to TGF-β1 correlated with HIF-1α (p < 0.001, r = 0.516) and GLUT-1 (p > 0.001, r = 0.355) in general and subgroups of different clinicopathological traits. TGF-β1 expressions of inflammatory infiltrates correlated with longer patient survival (p = 0.05, r = 0.449) and immunoreactivities to HIF-1α of cancer cells (p = 0.008, r = 0.254) particularly in node positive and deeply invading cancers but failed to associate significantly with GLUT-1.
Conclusions: HIF-1α and GLUT-1 could cooperate with TGF-β1, and TGF-β1 might mediate cross-talk between the inflammatory environment and tumour with a favourable impact on patient survival.