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Focus: Advanced Placement Human Geography: Twenty Years of Advanced Placement Human Geography: A Program Assessment

Advanced Placement Human Geography: Program Access and Effectiveness by Grade Level, 2001–2020

Pages 66-76 | Received 31 Dec 2022, Accepted 12 Apr 2023, Published online: 03 Aug 2023
 

Abstract

Since 2001, the Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography program has grown substantially in terms of the sheer number of students taking the course and exam. The program’s growth curve is a marker of increased exposure to complex subject matter in high schools, which is a core AP objective. Viewing AP Human Geography’s growth in the aggregate, however, masks the program’s unequal record of supporting the second fundamental goal of AP, which is to facilitate the college transition of participating students. By grade level, the highest AP Human Geography exam scores on average were earned by high school juniors and seniors. Most of the exams were primarily taken by students in ninth grade outside of New England and the Middle Atlantic. Students in Texas and Florida together accounted for 35 percent of the exams in the peak year of 2019. AP Human Geography’s unintended status as a warmup AP course places it at odds with the College Board’s AP guidance and contemporaneous reports that most students start high school lacking the knowledge and skills for advanced geography coursework. The geography education of younger students would be better served by on-level geography courses and placement tests that are predictive of AP performance later in high school.

自2001年以来, 参加美国大学预修(AP)人文地理学课程和考试的学生人数大幅增长。科目的增长曲线标志着高中接触复杂学科的增加, 这是AP的核心目标。然而, 从总体上看, AP人文地理学科目的发展, 掩盖了该科目在支持AP第二个基本目标上的不均衡结果—促进学生向大学的过渡。根据年级划分, AP人文地理学考试平均成绩最高的是高中三年级和四年级学生。大多数考生来自于新英格兰和大西洋中部以外地区的九年级学生。在2019年高峰期, 得克萨斯州和佛罗里达州的考生占35%。AP人文地理学意外地成为AP的热身课程, 这与大学董事会的AP准则和同期报告不一致。报告称, 大多数学生在高中开始时缺乏高级地理课程的知识和技能。与年级相匹配的地理课程和能够预测高中后期AP成绩的考试, 能够更好的服务于低年级学生的地理学教育。

Desde 2001, el programa de Geografía Humana a Nivel Avanzado (AP) ha crecido sustancialmente en términos del gran número de estudiantes que se presentan al curso y rinden el examen correspondiente. La curva de crecimiento del programa es un indicador de la creciente exposición a asignaturas complejas en las instituciones de enseñanza media, lo cual es el objetivo medular del AP. Sin embargo, ante el crecimiento del AP en Geografía Humana, en su conjunto, se desdibuja el registro de desigualdad del programa en cuanto al apoyo del segundo objetivo fundamental del AP, cual es el de facilitar a los estudiantes participantes su tránsito a la universidad. Por nivel del plan de estudios, los más altos puntajes en los exámenes del AP en Geografía Humana fueron logrados, en promedio, por los estudiantes de tercero y cuarto de las escuelas secundarias. La mayoría de los exámenes fueron rendidos primariamente por los estudiantes del grado noveno fuera de Nueva Inglaterra y del Atlántico Medio. Los estudiantes de Texas y Florida representan en conjunto el 35 por ciento de los exámenes en el año pico de 2019. El estatus no intencionado de la Geografía Humana como un curso AP de calentamiento lo coloca en desacuerdo con quienes orientan el AP en el College Board y con los informes contemporáneos de que la mayoría de los estudiantes de secundaria carecen de conocimientos y habilidades para enfrentar el trabajo de un curso avanzado en geografía. La educación geográfica de estudiantes de menor edad estaría mejor servida por cursos de geografía del nivel y con las pruebas del nivel, que son predictivos del rendimiento en el AP más tarde en las escuelas de secundaria.

Acknowledgments

Dr. Richard G. Boehm and Dr. Joann Zadrozny provided valuable feedback on an earlier version of this article. The authors also appreciate the constructive reviews provided by two anonymous reviewers.

Additional information

Funding

Funding support for the program assessment of AP Human Geography was provided by the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies and the Grosvenor Center for Geographic Education at Texas State University.

Notes on contributors

Michael Solem

MICHAEL SOLEM is a Professor in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include geography curriculum and assessment studies, teacher education, faculty development, and geography in higher education.

Brendan P. Vander Weil

BRENDAN P. VANDER WEIL is a PhD Student in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666. Email: [email protected]. His research interests include climate change education, study abroad programs, and research–practice partnerships for geography education.

Yusik Choi

YUSIK CHOI is a PhD Student in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666. Email: [email protected]. His research focuses on historical GIS and data exploration in search of spatiotemporal patterns.

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