Hongkongers’ International Front: Diaspora Activism During and After the 2019 Anti-Extradition Protest

Abstract

The flare-up of protests over Hong Kong’s anti-extradition bill amendment in 2019 gave rise to a global wave of organising among the city’s overseas diaspora of students and migrants, persisting after the city’s protest movement declined due to COVID-19 and repression. Based on 85 in-depth interviews with overseas activists as well as journalistic and social media data on events in six cities, this article examines the diaspora’s pro-democracy campaign. Easily surpassing the previous mobilisational waves of 1989 and 2014, the newer diaspora activism gave rise to more numerous and widespread organisations, which were mostly decentralised and loosely connected. Responding to the rise and fall of protests in the home city, campaigners shifted from supplying protest-related gear to sheltering fleeing refugees, with the diaspora activism evolving into a global resistance against China’s authoritarian expansion. Counter-protests by pro-China supporters increased publicity for the campaign, but also brought threats to personal safety. With the exception of Taiwan, Hongkongers found it difficult to localise their agenda in host countries, and their efforts were frustrated by growing political polarisation in Western democracies.

Key Words:

• China
• diaspora activism
• Hong Kong
• pro-democracy movement
• transnational network

Acknowledgements

An earlier draft was presented at the University of British Columbia (April 29, 2022) and National Taiwan University (June 11, 2022). For their comments, the author thanks Titus C. Chen, Lake Lui, and other participants. I appreciate the willingness of my interviewees to share their valuable movement stories with me as well as the assistance provided by Chun-hao Huang, Hawazzi Tsang, Jessie Tse, Ash Wan, and Wei An Chen.

Disclosure Statement

The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.

Notes

1 These words were used in a speech posted on Wong’s Facebook page (https://reurl.cc/xZqW05, accessed on May 20, 2020).

2 This study has followed the protocols approved by the National Taiwan University Research Ethics Committee (202101HS013) and protected the anonymity of interviewees.

3 The name derives from participant countries’/regions’ shared devotion to their distinctive drinks.

4 Hong Kong’s home-grown movement proceeded under the five demands slogan which included withdrawal of the extradition bill amendment as well as popular election of the city’s top executive.

5 The white bauhinia on a red background is Hong Kong’s official flag.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Taiwan University under Grant number [NTUCC-110L891901].