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Research Article

Bringing Classical architecture to Tudor England in the 1540s: William Sharington’s Lacock Abbey and the role of his master mason, John Chapman

Pages 201-222 | Received 15 Apr 2023, Accepted 30 Aug 2023, Published online: 25 Oct 2023
 

Summary

Studies of the evolution of English architecture during the Tudor period rarely mention Lacock Abbey in Wiltshire. Even when noticed, the commentary tends to be brief and poorly informed. Much of this Tudor country house survives intact, albeit masked by later alterations making way for changing uses. This essay unravels the history and development of the Tudor house to reveal a surprisingly important structure that deserves a better understanding. Additionally, and for the first time, the career and work of John Chapman, a little-known master-mason, is explored through the buildings believed to have been created by him and his team.

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to the National Trust staff at Lacock Abbey, especially Andy Cochrane and Emma Hitchings, for their considerable help in my explorations of the abbey buildings; National Trust volunteers Elizabeth Gibb and Hugh Collins, both of whom have researched aspects of Lacock Abbey; Robert Howard for discussion of his tree ring dating at Lacock; Julian Orbach who organised our visit to Wilton House to see the Holbein Porch whilst revising Pevsner’s Wiltshire; Peter Martindale for his comments on this porch and his report on its polychromy; sincere thanks to the two anonymous referees for their very helpful comments on an earlier draft of my paper, and last but not least, grateful thanks to my wife Debbie, who has accompanied me on this, another exploration of the past.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

SUMMARY IN FRENCH, GERMAN, ITALIAN AND SPANISH

RESUME

L’introduction de l’architecture classique dans l’Angleterre des Tudors des années 1540: L’abbaye de Lacock de William Sharington et le rôle de son maître d’œuvre, John Chapman

Les études sur l’évolution de l’architecture anglaise pendant la période Tudor invoquent rarement l’abbaye de Lacock, dans le Wiltshire. Même lorsque celle-ci est mentionnée, les commentaires qui y font référence sont généralement laconiques et manquent de consistance. Une grande partie de cette résidence de campagne Tudor est restée intacte, bien que masquée par des modifications ultérieures destinées à en changer les usages. Cet article retrace l’histoire et le développement de la maison Tudor pour révéler une construction étonnamment importante qui mérite d’être mieux comprise. En outre, et pour la première fois, la carrière et le travail de John Chapman, maître d’œuvre méconnu, sont étudiés à travers les constructions qui lui sont attribuées, ainsi qu’à son équipe.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Die Einführung klassischer Architektur ins Tudor England der 1540er Jahre: William Sharington’s Lacock Abbey und die Rolle seines Maurermeisters John Chapman.

Studien der Evolution der englischen Architektur während der Tudorzeit erwähnen nur selten Lackock Abbey (Abtei) in Wiltshire. Selbst wenn sie bemerkt wird, ist der Kommentar tendenziell kurz und schlecht informiert. Ein großer Teil dieses Tudor-Landsitzes ist intakt geblieben, auch wenn vieles durch spätere Umbauten, die für neue Nutzungen Platz geschaffen haben, überdeckt wurde. Dieser Aufsatz enträtselt die Geschichte und Entwicklung des Tudorhauses und enthüllt ein überraschend wichtiges Gebäude, das besseres Verständnis verdient hat. Zusätzlich werden zum ersten Mal die Karriere und Werke von John Chapman, einem wenig bekannten Maurermeister, anhand der Gebäude untersucht, die vermutlich von ihm und seinem Team geschaffen wurden.

RIASSUNTO

L’introduzione dell’architettura classica nell’Inghilterra del periodo Tudor negli anni Quaranta del XVI secolo: la Lacock Abbey di William Sharington e il ruolo del suo capomastro, John Chapman

Gli studi sull’evoluzione dell’architettura inglese durante il periodo Tudor raramente fanno menzione della Lacock Abbey nel Wiltshire. Anche quando viene ricordata, i resoconti tendono ad essere brevi e con uno scarso numero di informazioni. Questa dimora di campagna del periodo Tudor conserva pressoché intatta la sua struttura, sebbene sia celata da modifiche successive dovute ai cambiamenti nella destinazione d’uso. Questo saggio fa luce sulla storia e sugli sviluppi della casa del periodo Tudor, mettendo in luce una struttura sorprendentemente importante, che merita una migliore comprensione. In aggiunta a ciò, per la prima volta, la carriera e il lavoro di John Chapman, un capomastro poco conosciuto, viene analizzata attraverso gli edifici che si ritiene siano stati realizzati da lui e dai suoi operai.

RESUMEN

Incorporando la arquitectura clásica en la Inglaterra Tudor de la década de 1540: la abadía de Lacock de William Sharington y el papel de su maestro albañil, John Chapman

Los estudios sobre la evolución de la arquitectura inglesa durante el período Tudor mencionan raramente la abadía de Lacock en Wiltshire, y cuando lo hace, el comentario tiende a ser breve y con poco detalle. Esta casa de campo Tudor sobrevive casi intacta, aunque enmascarada por alteraciones posteriores adoptadas para acomodar cambios en su función. Este artículo descubre la historia y el desarrollo de la casa Tudor para revelar una estructura sorprendentemente importante que merece entenderse mejor. Se explora además, y por primera vez, la carrera y el trabajo de John Chapman, un maestro albañil poco conocido, a través de los edificios que son atribuidos a él y a su equipo.

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