A mini-review on pyrazolines as fluorescent chemosensors for Fe³⁺

Abstract

Pyrazoline derivatives exhibit potential application as sensitive and selective chemosensors for the recognition of Fe³⁺ ions. Their distinctive structure has both donating and accepting sites and is delineated by delocalized orbitals. Through intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT), chelation-enhanced quenching (CHEQ), and H-bond interactions, pyrazoline derivatives show remarkable chromogenic and fluorogenic capabilities. The pyrazoline sensors demonstrated excellent selectivity, low detection limit, and precise metal ion detection. This mini-review provides a guide for utilizing pyrazoline-based “On–Off” chemosensors to identify Fe³⁺ in diverse fields.

Keywords:

• Pyrazoline
• fluorescence
• Fe³⁺ ion
• sensor

Acknowledgments

The authors thank to Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University for providing research facility and financial support for the Research Scholar.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.