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The authors have no declarations of interest to report.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Patricia S. O’Sullivan
Patricia O’Sullivan, EdD, is a professor of Medicine and Surgery and director of research and development in the Center for Faculty Educators in the School of Medicine at the University of California San Francisco, USA.
Yvonne Steinert
Yvonne Steinert, PhD, is a professor of Family Medicine and Health Sciences Education, former director of the Institute of Health Sciences Education, and the Richard and Sylvia Cruess Chair in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
David M. Irby
David M. Irby, PhD, MDiv, is professor emeritus of Medicine and an educational scientist in the Center for Faculty Educators at University of California San Francisco. He was formerly the vice-dean for education at UCSF and a senior scholar at The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.