In vitro glucuronidation of bisphenol A in liver and intestinal microsomes: interspecies differences in humans and laboratory animals

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical, and is predominantly metabolized into glucuronide in mammals. The present study was conducted in order to examine the hepatic and intestinal glucuronidation of BPA in humans and laboratory animals such as monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice in an in vitro system using microsomal fractions. K_m, V_max, and CL_int values in human liver microsomes were 7.54 µM, 17.7 nmol/min/mg protein, and 2.36 mL/min/mg protein, respectively. CL_int values in liver microsomes of monkey, dogs, rats, and mice were 1.5-, 2.4-, 1.7- and 8.2-fold that of humans, respectively. In intestinal microsomes, K_m, V_max, and CL_int values in humans were 39.3 µM, 0.65 nmol/min/mg protein, and 0.02 mL/min/mg protein, respectively. The relative levels of CL_int in monkey, dogs, rats, and mice to that of humans were 7.0-, 12-, 34-, and 29-fold, respectively. Although CL_int values were higher in liver microsomes than in intestinal microsomes in all species, and marked species difference in the ratio of liver to intestinal microsomes was observed as follows: humans, 118; monkeys, 25; dogs, 23; rats, 5.9; mice, 33. These results suggest that the functional roles of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes expressed in the liver and intestines in the metabolism of BPA extensively differ among humans, monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice.

Keywords:

• Bisphenol A (BPA)
• glucuronidation
• UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)
• liver microsomes
• intestinal microsomes

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no potential conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [Grant Number 19H04295].