Chronic restraint stress exacerbates nociception and inflammatory response induced by bee venom in rats: the role of the P2X7 receptors

Abstract

Objective: Chronic restraint stress exacerbates pain and inflammation. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of chronic restraint stress on inflammatory pain induced by subcutaneous injection of bee venom (BV).

Methods: First, we investigated: (1) the effect of two-week restraint stress with daily 2 or 8 h on the baseline paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT), paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) and paw circumference (PC); (2) the effect of chronic stress on the spontaneous paw-flinching reflex (SPFR), decrease in PWM, PWTL and increase in PC of the injected paw induced by BV.

Results: The results showed that (1) chronic restraint decreased significantly the PWMT and inhibited significantly the increase in PC, but had no effect on PWTL, compared with control group; (2) chronic restraint enhanced significantly BV-induced SPFR and inflammatory swelling of the injected paw. In a second series of experiments, the role of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in the enhancement of BV-induced inflammatory pain produced by chronic restraint stress was determined. Systemic pretreatment with P2X7R antagonist completely reversed the decrease in PWMT produced by chronic restraint, inhibited significantly the enhancement of BV-induced inflammatory pain produced by chronic restraint stress.

Conclusion: Taken together, our data indicate that chronic restraint stress-enhanced nociception and inflammation in the BV pain model, possibly involving the P2X7R.

Keywords:

• Chronic restraint stress
• Inflammation
• Spontaneous pain
• Hyperalgesia
• P2X7 receptor
• Bee venom

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of the P.R. of China [grant number 30772089, 81271240] to Dr. Hui-Sheng Chen and grant from Science and Technology Project Plan of Liao Ning Province [grant number 2012225010] to Prof. Bao-Jun Liu. This work was carried out at Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain (IBSP) and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders (IFBD), Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University. The authors are grateful to the technical aids provided by IBSP and IFBD members.