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ABSTRACT
The relation between tattoos and drug use among respondents in general populations raises important questions about the etiology of a pattern of deviant behavior that declines in adulthood and is stronger in collective versus individually oriented cultures. Nineteen studies (N = 44,110) have a combined effect size using Cohen’s d of .51 (95% CI .44, .59). Adolescents from cultures characterized by a collective orientation have the largest combined effect size (d = .91; 95% CI .69, 1.12). Gender does not moderate the relation between tattoos and drug use. Results are interpreted using theories of maturation, strain, control, and labeling.
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Richard L. Dukes
RICHARD L. DUKES is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs. His research interests are the sociology of youth and adolescence, evaluation research, and simulation and gaming. He is the recipient of a university teaching award, and he is author of Worlds Apart: Collective Action in Simulated Agrarian and Industrial Societies (Kluwer).