Brief insights of various adsorbents utilized for the sequestration of toxic pollutants from aqueous phase: a review

Abstract

Adsorption is often considered to be the most competent and investigated treatment technique among wastewater technologies. The purpose of sequestration from wastewater is not validated through preferred utilization of costly starting material which pave way for the development of low-cost adsorbents. This review asserts the augmentation of both economically and environmentally sound sorbent material. The review encompasses gathering information from the literature insights dispersed over decades for the remediation of toxic pollutants especially dyes and heavy metals by various categories of adsorbents. Additionally, this review highlighted the adsorption of various emerging contaminants and pharmaceuticals. The review targeted to showcase various categories of adsorbent that can be refashioned and efficiently employed toward water treatment process. The review outlines and purposes the classification of diverse adsorbents involved in water treatment. Various Isotherm models and kinetic models employed in adsorption were also discussed. Mechanism of removal of pollutants was also outlined. The process of desorption gives the regeneration and recovery possibility of adsorbent providing opportunity of waste minimization, reusing it repeatedly was also reviewed here. Lastly, the significance of review and the future perspective for further adsorbent advancement were also detailed out. Hence, this review sufficiently authorizes the various adsorbent conceivability toward water treatment.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Adsorption
• wastewater treatment
• heavy metal
• desorption
• regeneration