The Effects of Music and Group Stage on Group Leader and Member Behavior in Psychoeducational Groups for Children of Divorce

Abstract

This study examined the effects of music and group stage on group process and group leader and member behavior within 8-week psychoeducational groups for children of divorce. Audiotapes of group sessions were rated using the Interactional Process Analysis and the Group Sessions Ratings Scale. Both treatment groups were very similar in terms of group leader and member behavior. Significant differences were noted between time periods. Over time, group leaders were consistent in giving directions and suggestions and asking questions. During later sessions, there was more of a focus on problem solving, expression and exploration of feelings, roleplaying, and interpersonal learning.

Keywords:

• children of divorce
• group leadership
• group process
• group stage
• music
• psychoeducational

Notes

^a Means are calculated as a percentage of the total behaviors within one session.

^b Time 1 (Group Sessions One and Two); Time 2 (Group Sessions Three and Four); Time 3 (Group Sessions Five and Six); Time 4 (Group Sessions Seven and Eight).

^c t-scores were only reported if the main effect for treatment or an interaction for treatment by time was significant. Values significant at p = .05 are bolded.

^d Indicates a significant ANOVA main effect for time on that variable; paired comparison follow-up tests were then conducted to determine significant differences between time periods.

^a Means are calculated as a percentage of the total behaviors within one session.

^b Time 1 (Group Sessions One and Two); Time 2 (Group Sessions Three and Four); Time 3 (Group Sessions Five and Six); Time 4 (Group Sessions Seven and Eight).

^c indicates a significant ANOVA main effect for time on that variable; paired comparison follow-up tests were then conducted to determine significant differences between time periods.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Kristin Cercone

Kristin Cercone, Ph.D., is a psychologist with the Kaleida Health Organization, Buffalo, New York.

Janice DeLucia-Waack

Janice DeLucia-Waack, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology and director of the School Counseling Program at the University at Buffalo, State University of New York.