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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 31, 2016 - Issue 2
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Research Papers / Artículos De Investigación

Spanish migrants to European Union countries: predictors of psychological adjustment / Españoles que emigran a países de la Unión Europea: predictores de su ajuste psicológico

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Pages 317-351 | Received 17 Nov 2014, Accepted 23 Nov 2015, Published online: 29 Feb 2016
 

Abstract

In recent years, the migration of Spanish people to other countries in Europe has increased; however, there are hardly any studies on this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to identify the predictive sociodemographic and psychosocial factors of psychological adjustment (life satisfaction and absence of internalizing symptoms) of emigrants and to determine the indirect effects of these factors through perceived stress. This study also seeks to examine whether the psychological adjustment of Spanish emigrants was similar to Spanish non-emigrants. The sample was made up of a group of Spanish emigrants to Germany and England (n = 858) and an equivalent control group of Spanish non-emigrants (n = 328). The results show that fulfilment of expectations, emotional support and job quality are the best predictors of perceived stress and psychological adjustment. These factors are confirmed to have indirect effects on psychological adjustment through perceived stress. Finally, the mental health of emigrants and non-emigrants was similar, and the implications of these findings are discussed.

Resumen

En los últimos años han aumentado los movimientos migratorios de personas españolas a otros países europeos, sin embargo apenas existen estudios sobre este fenómeno. El objetivo de este trabajo era identificar los factores predictores sociodemográficos y psicosociales migratorios más relevantes del ajuste psicológico de las personas emigrantes y comprobar los efectos indirectos de dichos factores a través del estrés percibido. También se pretendía comprobar si el ajuste psicológico de la población emigrante era similar al de la población en origen. La muestra estaba compuesta por un grupo de españoles emigrantes a Alemania o Inglaterra (n = 858) y un grupo control equivalente de españoles no emigrantes (n = 328). Los resultados señalan como los mejores predictores del estrés percibido y del ajuste psicológico el cumplimiento de expectativas migratorias, el apoyo emocional y la calidad del empleo en el país receptor. También se confirman los efectos indirectos de dichos factores sobre el ajuste psicológico a través del estrés percibido. Por último, la salud mental de las personas emigrantes y no emigrantes era similar, y se discuten sus implicaciones.

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