Effect of inhaled corticosteroid use on weight (BMI) in pediatric patients with moderate-severe asthma

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Assess the relationship between inhaled corticosteroid use (ICS) and weight (BMI) in pediatric patients with moderate-severe asthma. Assess if the number of emergency department (ED) visits correlates with overall BMI trajectory. Assess the trend of prescribing biologic therapy in pediatric patients with moderate-severe asthma and determine its relationship with weight (BMI). Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 93 pediatric patients with moderate-severe asthma to determine the relationship between ICS use and weight (BMI), biologic therapy and BMI, and number of ED visits and BMI trajectory. A mixed effects model was employed with the correlation between repeated measures accounted for through the random effects. Results: There is a statistically significant increase of 0.369 kg/m² in BMI trajectory per year in subjects on high-dose steroids compared to an increase of 0.195 kg/m² in the low dose group (p < 0.05). The BMI of subjects initiated on biologic therapy (omalizumab or mepolizumab) had a statistically significant decrease in BMI trajectory of 0.818 kg/m² per year (p < 0.05). Subjects with ≥5 ED visits due to asthma exacerbations had a significantly higher BMI trajectory (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The potency of ICS use in pediatric patients with moderate-severe asthma affects BMI trajectory; the higher the dose, the greater the projected BMI increase per year. Initiation of biologic therapy decreased BMI trajectory over time. Lastly, those with frequent ED visits had a higher BMI trend. Future prospective studies are warranted that further evaluate the potential metabolic impacts of ICS and assess the effects of biologic therapy on BMI.

KEYWORDS:

• Biologic therapy
• BMI trajectory
• mepolizumab
• omalizumab
• uncontrolled pediatric asthma

Conflicts of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the manuscript.