A study of hemodynamic effects, postoperative recovery, and safety of esketamine (right handed) during flexible bronchoscopy under general anesthesia

Abstract

Objective

Flexible bronchoscopy during general anesthesia has become an indispensable tool. Anesthetics are widely utilized in flexible bronchoscopy (FB). This study delved into the application value of a subanesthetic dose of esketamine (ES) (right handed) in flexible bronchoscopy during general anesthesia.

Methods

A sample of 160 patients who underwent flexible bronchoscopy during general anesthesia were selected as study subjects and were equally divided into the control and ES groups, with clinical baseline data (age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists grading) collected. Hemodynamic parameters (mean artery pressure, heart rate, pulse blood oxygen saturation) at different time points, the onset time of anesthesia, surgery time, analgesia maintenance time, anesthesia awakening time, and perioperative adverse reactions were recorded. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and quality of recovery-40 (QoR-40) scales were utilized for assessing post-surgery satisfaction, cognitive function, and post-surgery early recovery quality.

Results

The hemodynamics were stable at each time point, but patients in the ES group were more stable than those in the control group. Patients in the ES group exhibited faster onset and awakening time of anesthesia, longer duration of analgesia, and lower total incidence of adverse reactions versus the control group. The patients’ QoR-40 total scores in the ES group were improved versus the control group at 1 day after surgery.

Conclusion

Compared with fentanyl, the use of ES (right handed) in flexible bronchoscopy during general anesthesia produces more stable hemodynamics, faster onset and recovery time of anesthesia, longer duration of analgesia, lower incidence of adverse reactions, and improved early postoperative recovery quality in patients.

Keywords:

• Esketamine
• flexible bronchoscopy during general anesthesia
• subanesthetic dose
• hemodynamics
• incidence of adverse reactions
• cognitive function
• early postoperative recovery quality

Transparency

Declaration of funding

This paper was not funded.

Declaration of financial/other relationships

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

Author contributions

Guarantor of integrity of the entire study: Qin Ding; study concepts: Suyang Yue, Qin Ding; study design: Suyang Yue, Qin Ding; definition of intellectual content: Suyang Yue, Qin Ding; literature research: Qin Ding; clinical studies: Suyang Yue; experimental studies: Suyang Yue; data acquisition: Qin Ding; data analysis: Qin Ding; statistical analysis: Qin Ding; manuscript preparation: Suyang Yue, Qin Ding; manuscript editing: Suyang Yue, Qin Ding; manuscript review: Suyang Yue, Qin Ding. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

Data availability statement

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article. Further enquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

Ethics statement

The study was reviewed and approved by our Academic Ethics Committee of Huai’an Second People’s Hospital. All patients were informed of the study purpose and signed their informed consent. This study conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki (approved number: HEYLL202006).