Spiritual Well-Being, Depressive Symptoms, and Immune Status Among Women Living with HIV/AIDS

Abstract

Spirituality is a resource some HIV-positive women use to cope with HIV, and it also may have positive impact on physical health. This cross-sectional study examined associations of spiritual well-being, with depressive symptoms, and CD4 cell count and percentages among a non-random sample of 129 predominantly African-American HIV-positive women. Significant inverse associations were observed between depressive symptoms and spiritual well-being (r = −.55, p = .0001), and its components, existential well-being (r = −.62, p = .0001) and religious well-being (r = −.36, p = .0001). Significant positive associations were observed between existential well-being and CD4 cell count (r = .19, p < .05) and also between spiritual well-being (r = .24, p < .05), religious well-being (r = .21, p < .05), and existential well-being (r = .22, p < .05) and CD4 cell percentages. In this sample of HIV-positive women, spiritual well-being, existential well-being, and religious well-being accounted for a significant amount of variance in depressive symptoms and CD4 cell percentages, above and beyond that explained by demographic variables, HIV medication adherence, and HIV viral load (log). Depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with CD4 cell counts or percentages. A significant relationship was observed between spiritual/religious practices (prayer/meditation and reading spiritual/religious material) and depressive symptoms. Further research is needed to examine relationships between spirituality and mental and physical health among HIV-positive women.

KEYWORDS:

• HIV
• spirituality
• depressive symptoms
• CD4 cell count

Notes

This research was supported by the following National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) Grants: 1 R01 NR008094-01A1 RSUM (Dalmida), NRSA F31 NR009758-01 (Dalmida, PI), NR01 NR04857 (GBL Study, DiIorio-PI), and R01 NR008094-01-A1 (KHARMA Project, McDonnell Holstad-PI).

Two-tailed tests: *p < .05

**p < .01.

^aBetas are from the full model at the final step in the model.

^bAdjusted R ² are reported for each step in the model and includes the block of variables in that step and previous steps.