Date seed oil loaded niosomes: development, optimization and anti-inflammatory effect evaluation on rats

Abstract

Objective: An optimized date seed oil (DSO) loaded niosomes was formulated.

Significance: Maximize the extract anti-inflammatory efficacy and govern its release characteristics from nanoparticles for osteoarthritis prevention and treatment purposes.

Methods: By using Box–Behnken Design, the effect of three formulation factors on the entrapment efficiency percentage (Y₁), initial DSO release percentage after 2 h (Y₂), and cumulative DSO release percentage of DSO after 12 h (Y₃), were optimized and studied. The optimized DSO formulation was specified, elaborated, particle size and zeta potential assessed, examined morphologically under electron and light microscope, and in vivo evaluated via carrageenan-induced rat paw edema study.

Results: 65.89%, 18.39%, and 58.27% were the measured responses of the optimized niosomes for Y₁, Y₂, and Y₃, respectively. The vesicular structure of the optimized DSO loaded nano-vesicles with nano-size range and good stability features were confirmed. Furthermore, a distinguished anti-inflammatory activity in both prompt and sustained effectiveness were exhibited via the optimized DSO niosomes. Interestingly, the delayed efficacy outcomes of the extract loaded nanoparticles showed a similarity profile as well as the negative control group outcomes.

Conclusions: To emphasize, DSO loading in niosomes revealed a significant enhancement toward inflammation alleviation, which offers a promising implement in osteoarthritis remediation and prohibition.

Keywords:

• Date seed oil extract
• nanoparticles
• optimization
• anti-inflammatory activity
• in vivo paw edema study

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge with thanks Deanship of Scientific Research, University of Hail for technical support and funding this paper under the project titled ‘Nano-drug delivery approaches for date seed oil in the effective management of osteoarthritis’.

Disclosure statement

The authors have no other financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. The authors have no other competing interests to declare.

Additional information

Funding

This paper was supported and funded by Deanship of Scientific Research, University of Hail in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, under [grant no. 0150141].