Design and evaluation of an apta-nano-sensor to detect Acetamiprid in vitro and in silico

Abstract

Pesticide detection is a main concern of food safety experts. Therefore, it is urgent to design an accurate, rapid, and cheap test. Biosensors that detect pesticide residues could replace current methods, such as HPLC or GC-MC. This research designs a biosensor based on aptamer (Oligonucleotide ss-DNA) in the receptor role, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as optical sensors and salt (NaCl) as the aggregative inducer of AgNPs to detect the presence of Acetamiprid. After optimization, .6 μM aptamer and 100 mM salt were employed. The selectivity and sensitivity of the complex were examined by different pesticides and different Acetamiprid concentrations. To simulate in vitro experimental conditions, bioinformatics software was used as in silico analysis. The results showed the detection of Acetamiprid at the .02 ppm (89.8 nM) level in addition to selectivity. Docking outputs introduced two loops as active sites in aptamer and confirmed aptamer–Acetamiprid bonding. Circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) confirmed upon Acetamiprid binding, aptamer was folded due to stem-loop formation. Stability of the Apt–Acetamiprid complex in a simulated aqueous media was examined by molecular dynamic studies.

Keywords:

• Acetamiprid
• apta-nano-sensor
• docking
• molecular dynamics
• pesticide residues

Acknowledgment

At first, we are most grateful to Mr Mahmoud Seifi for supporting this research. The authors also sincerely thank Aria Shimi® Pesticide Company for delivery of reference insecticide materials. The authors gratefully acknowledge spiritual and financial supports from the Entomology and Toxicology Department, Agriculture College of Urmia University (Urmia, IRAN) and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Mashhad, IRAN). The authors sincerely thank Mitra Jokar for grammatical review. This work was part of the PhD thesis of M Jokar.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Entomology and Toxicology Department, Agriculture College of Urmia University (Urmia, IRAN); and the School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Mashhad, IRAN).