University Student Engagement Inventory: Validation in the Indian Online Learning Context

Abstract

Objective

This study aims to evaluate sources of validity and reliability of the University Student Engagement Inventory among Indian Students.

Method

The data of this study was collected from 518 Indian university students in the design of a cross-sectional study from May to June 2022. Then the validity and reliability of the inventory were assessed.

Results

The results showed that all three factor models indicated good evidence of construct validity (TLI = 0.960, CFI = 0.967), NFI = 0.960, and SRMR = 0.043), and reliability. The internal consistency of all three factors was >0.7.

Conclusions

According to the findings of the present study, it was found that the concept of university student engagement in Indian students is a concept with three sub-concepts and 15 items. For more learning, academic progress, and development, as well as obtaining better educational results, student participation is important.

Significance Statement

Considering the importance of students’ engagement in improving their performance and learning, it is necessary to evaluate it. Since, in other countries, the psychoanalysis of the USEI tool has also been discussed; in this study, the researchers investigated the validity and reliability of student engagement tools in India.

Keywords:

• University students
• psychometric assessment
• cognitive engagement
• emotional engagement
• behavioral engagement

Acknowledgments

We thank all the participants who took part in the study.

Ethical Approval

Before completing the online questionnaire, the required information, such as the aim of the study, and the number of items were given to students. Participants do not view the online questionnaire items until they click the “next” button and agree to participate. Clicking this button also signaled the completion of the informed consent form. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Ethic code: IR.MAZUMS.REC.1402.092). Available at: https://ethics.research.ac.ir/ProposalCertificateEn.php?id=336541&Print=true&NoPrintHeader=true&NoPrintFooter=true&NoPrintPageBorder=true&LetterPrint=true.

Consent for Publication

N/A.

Author Contributions

H.Sh., N.Gh., and P.R. contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection was performed by S.N. and H.Sh. J.M. and H.Sh. performed data analysis. The first draft of the manuscript was written by O.K., L.M., L.SH., N.Gh., and P.R. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data Availability Statement

The dataset supporting the conclusions of this article is included within the article and its additional file.

Additional information

Funding

No funds, grants or other support was received.

Notes on contributors

Hamid Sharif-Nia

Hamid Sharif-Nia is an associate in Nursing Education and fellowship in Evaluation and Measurement in Medical in the Department of Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran. His research interests address topics in Development and psychometric evaluation of scales, questionnaires, tools and instruments.

João Marôco

João Marôco, PhD, from Washington State University, is a full professor at ISPA-IU, specializing in Statistical Analysis and Research Methods. As a consultant to the World Bank, he focuses on Education Statistics. With extensive international experience, he has published 450 articles, authored 4 books, and is among the top 2% cited academics in Portugal and globally (Standford List 2023). According to Google Scholar, his work has been cited over 42,500 times (H = 73).

Long She

Long She is a senior lecturer at Sunway Business School, Sunway University, with expertise in behavioral finance, behavioral psychology, and methodological studies. Since 2021, he’s authored over 30 internationally indexed research publications across multiple scholarly journals. An associate editor at the Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, Long She actively reviews for indexed journals and presents his work globally, winning accolades. Passionately teaching Structural Equational Modeling through workshops, both offline and online, Long She strives to enhance fellow researchers’ capabilities.

Sumit Narula

Sumit Narula is the Director of the Amity School of Communication at Amity University Gurgaon, Haryana, India. He is working extensively in the area of catching Fake/Predatory/Cloned journals and Fraud/Misleading Impact Factors in academics and got Copyrights and also developed an App named ‘Amity Quality Journal Checker’ at the Google Play Store and IOS Platforms.

Lan Ma

Lan Ma is a Lecturer in the Department of Marketing Strategy and Innovation at Sunway Business School, Sunway University, Malaysia. Her research interests primarily focus on Consumer Behaviour, Online Education, and Text Mining. As a researcher, she has a strong passion for understanding how consumers make decisions and how their behaviour can be influenced in the online context and she has published more than 10 internationally indexed research articles across scholarly journals since 2021.

Omolhoda Kaveh

Omolhoda Kaveh is an Assistant Professor in Nursing Education in the Department of Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran. Her research interests address topics in Development and psychometric evaluation of scales, questionnaires, tools and instruments.

Pardis Rahmatpour

Pardis Rahmatpour is an Assistant Professor of Nursing at Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Her research interests are structural equation modeling (SEM), psychometric and development scale study, systematic review, and methodological studies, especially in education and health.

Nassim Ghahrani

Nassim Ghahrani has a PhD in Higher Education (Education Development Planning), She works at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and She is interested in research topics in educational research, curriculum planning, educational empowerment, teacher and student classroom atmosphere, and other topics related to medical science education.