Notes
1 Luciuk’s book was published before the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which would provide further basis for this theme.
2 Olga Bertelsen, “Ukrainian and Jewish Émigrés as Targets of KGB Active Measures in the 1970s,” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 267–292.
3 Lubomyr Luciuk, Operation Payback: Soviet Disinformation and Alleged Nazi War Criminals in North America (Kingston, ON: Kashtan Press, 2021), p. 145.
4 Ibid., pp. 135–137.
5 Judy Feigin, The Office of Special Investigations: Striving for Accountability in the Aftermath of the Holocaust (Washington, DC: Department of Justice, 2006), p. 2.
6 U.S District Court, Eastern District of New York, USA v. Karl Linnas, testimony provided 3 June 1981, CIA FOIA Reading Room, https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/LINNAS%2C%20KARL_0027.pdf
7 Central Intelligence Agency, Memorandum for Record: Meeting in St. Louis, Missouri to Interview and Depose Defector Imants Lesinskis, 8 June 1981, CIA FOIA Reading Room, https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/LINNAS%2C%20KARL_0028.pdf.
8 Feigin, The Office of Special Investigations, p. 128.
9 KGB First Chief Directorate, “Справка” (“Note”), 19 August 1961, Дело Оперативной Разработки Кличка «Тарас» (Operational Development Case File Codename “Taras”), Archive of the Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine, File 237, Volume 6, p. 170.
10 KGB First Chief Directorate, Memo, 6 December 1961, Дело Оперативной Разработки Кличка «Тарас» (Operational Development Case File Codename “Taras”), Archive of the Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine, File 237, Volume 6, pp. 249–250.
11 Bertelsen, “Ukrainian and Jewish Émigrés as Targets of KGB Active Measures in the 1970s,” p. 274.
12 Ibid., p. 285.
13 See Kevin P. Riehle, “Winners and Losers in Russia’s Information War,” Intelligence and National Security, Vol. 36, No. 7 (2021), pp. 1057–1064.
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Kevin P. Riehle
Kevin Riehle is an Associate Professor at the University of Mississippi, Center for Intelligence and Security Studies. He spent over 30 years in the U.S. government as a Counterintelligence Analyst, finishing his government career at the National Intelligence University. He received a Ph.D. in War Studies from King’s College London. The author can be contacted at [email protected].