Depression and the risk of developing temporomandibular disorders in different diagnostic groups: A systematic review with meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the role of depression in the development of TMD groups. Methods: This systematic review with meta-analysis compared the prevalence and scores of depression between TMD groups and controls. Results: The results showed that depression was a significant risk factor in the development of RDC/TMD axis I muscle disorders (group I) and arthralgia/osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis (group III), and non-significant for disc displacements (group II). Severe depression had almost four times the risk of developing TMD as compared to moderate depression. Conclusion: These findings suggest that addressing psychological factors in general, and depression in particular, in the managemenof TMD is crucial, especially in those TMD groups with higher pain levels (I and III), and the TMD pain reduction is crucial in reducing depression levels.

KEYWORDS:

• Temporomandibular disorders
• depression
• systematic review
• meta-analysis

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior – Brasil (CAPES) for providing institutional scholarships (Code 01) for the students involved in this study. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This research, with all the authors, did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.