Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Geriatric Sleep Questionnaire (P-GSQ)

ABSTRACT

Objective

This study aimed to validate the Geriatric Sleep Questionnaire (GSQ) for assessing subjective sleep quality among elderly individuals in Iran.

Methods

The GSQ underwent evaluation for face and content validity. Participants were selected via convenience sampling from five healthcare centers. Sociodemographic variables, including gender, number of children, recreational activities, budget deficits, and family conflicts were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify the results. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s α, and test-retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

200 older adults (mean age 66.8 years) completed the questionnaires. Face and content validity were confirmed by 30 experts (S-CVI/average = 0.96). The final model exhibited good fit indices (χ2/df = 2.89, CFI = 0.96). The scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.81) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.98).

Conclusion

The Persian GSQ demonstrates high reliability and validity for assessing sleep quality in older adults, aiding research in this field.

KEYWORDS:

• Persian GSQ
• cross-cultural adaptation
• psychometric properties
• subjective sleep quality

Acknowledgments

The authors are appreciative of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The authors also need to express gratitude and appreciation for the cooperation of the older adults in this research.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Author contributions

Shahab Papi and Ehteram Sadat Ilali initiated the study conception and design. Atefe Esmailpour moalem collected and acquired the data. Abolfazl Hosseinnataj performed the data analysis and interpreted the data. Finally, Hadi Najafi wrote the manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the manuscript.

Compliance with ethical standards

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran and adhered to the principles outlined in the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent amendments or comparable ethical standards. Participants were provided assurance regarding the anonymity and confidentiality of their information. Moreover, the study received approval from the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran (Ethical code: IR.MAZUMS.REC.1402.18021). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. Seniors were reassured that their information would be kept entirely confidential. A code was utilized in place of each participant’s name to ensure this.

Data availability statement

The datasets generated during or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.