Does piriformis muscle syndrome impair postural balance? A case control study

Abstract

Background and purpose

While patients with musculoskeletal disorders reported postural balance impairments, it is unknown whether patients with piriformis muscle syndrome (PMS) may exhibit postural balance disorders compared to controls. The aim was to compare postural balance in patients with PMS to controls in static and dynamic conditions.

Material and methods

Twelve patients with PMS and twelve controls were enrolled. Static postural balance was assessed by calculating the symmetry index (SI) in the unipedal posture. To measure vision contribution, the Romberg index (RI) was computed. Dynamic postural balance was evaluated with the Timed up and go test (TUGT). Besides, inter-limb strength asymmetry (SA), pain and the short form-36 (SF-36) were assessed.

Results

The PMS group (PMSG) exhibited significant (p < 0.001) higher SI in eyes opened (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions compared to the control group (CG). Besides, PMSG had significant higher RI (p < 0.05), TUGT scores (p < 0.001), SA values (p < 0.05), pain intensity (p < 0.001), and worse SF-36 scores on all physical health (p < 0.05) and psychological health (only in vitality and mental health [p < 0.05]), compared to CG.

Conclusion

Our data revealed impaired static and dynamic postural balance, and reduced quality of life in PMSG compared to CG. Postural balance impairments could explain the poor quality of life, which are likely due to the higher SA and higher pain intensity. Clinicians and physiotherapists should consider postural balance disorders while designing rehabilitation programs in these patients.

Keywords:

• piriformis muscle syndrome
• postural balance
• quality of life
• pain
• muscle strength

Acknowledgments

A great thank for all collaborating and patients for their availability and contribution to this study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

Derived data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on request.