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ABSTRACT
Purpose: This review represents the current in vitro, in vivo animal and human researches on the roles of IL-6 in inflammatory ocular disorders. Data sources were literature reviewed using PubMed, Medline, and ISI Databases (since 1981 to late 2016). Search items included interleukine-6 (IL-6); chemokine; cytokine, alone or in combination with serum, aqueous, vitreous, eye, ocular, ophthalmic, and review.
Results: IL-6 is found to be involved in ocular inflammation. Ocular effects of IL-6 differ based on the source of the secretion and site of the action. The most important effects of IL-6 in the eyes are angiogenic activities and induction of ocular inflammation.
Conclusion: IL-6 plays an important role in ocular inflammation and angiogenesis in conjunctiva, cornea, iris, retina, and orbit. Anti-IL-6 targeted immunotherapy has recently been employed as an important treatment modality in IL-6-related ocular disorders, provided that IL-6 signal blocking takes place in preferred and favorite targets.
Acknowledgment
Special thanks for kind permission of Peter C. Heinrich, Freiburg, Germany, for providing copyright permission for all colored figures illustrated in this article.
Declaration of interest
The author reports no conflicts of interest. The author alone is responsible for the content and writing of the paper.
Funding
The author would like to thank Shahed University for providing financial and logistic support.