Multimodal Imaging in Anterior Uveitis

ABSTRACT

Anterior uveitis is the most common group of uveitis worldwide, with a diverse spectrum ranging from autoimmune and infectious to masquerade etiologies. Elucidation of the underlying etiology may be challenging, but it remains important, especially for recurrent uveitis. Multimodal imaging has improved our understanding and management of many posterior uveitis and panuveitis. Similarly, a wide variety of anterior segment ophthalmic imaging techniques are available to allow the monitoring of the structural changes that may develop during anterior uveitis. These include anterior segment photography, specular microscopy, in vivo confocal microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), laser flare photometry, and less commonly used techniques such as anterior segment fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, iris autofluorescence, and infrared imaging. This review recapitulates the past and recent application of these ophthalmic imaging modalities to the diagnosis and management of anterior uveitis.

Keywords:

• ASOCT
• confocal
• imaging
• multimodal
• uveitis

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to acknowledge the invaluable support and assistance of the ophthalmic imaging and ophthalmic investigation teams of the Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, and the Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India, for producing the clinical images; in particular, Mr. S. Mohan Ram, SNEC ophthalmic investigation specialist, and Mr. Govindarajan Jayaraman and Mr. Wei Hong Teng from the Singapore Eye Research Institute clinic for their production of the UBM and IVCM pictures, and Mr. Nagaraj M C, Mr. Deekshith A Suvarna and Mr. Manjunath B N from Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital for their production of the IVCM, AS-OCT and near-infrared autofluorescence images.

Declaration of interest

Jay Siak (None), Padmamalini Mahendradas (None), Soon-Phaik Chee is a consultant for the following companies, and she received travel grants and honorariums from the companies without financial conflicts of interest in relation to this review (Bausch + Lomb Technolas, Hoya Surgical Optics Pte Ltd., Abbott Medical Optics Inc., Alcon Laboratories, Allergan Inc., Santen Pharmaceuticals, Carl Zeiss, AbbVie Ltd.).