Imaging in Tubercular Choroiditis: Current Concepts

ABSTRACT

Purpose

Ocular tuberculosis has protean clinical manifestations. Because of its varied clinical presentation, multimodal imaging is very important to characterize the disease activity, presence of inflammation, determining therapeutic response, and detection of complications.

Methods

Narrative review

Results

In this review, various imaging modalities employed in the management of ocular tuberculosis including fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) have been reviewed. Not only do these imaging tools complement each other in providing a comprehensive assessment of the pathology, they also help in gaining valuable insights regarding the evolution of the disease.

Conclusions

Fundus imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis and management of patients with posterior uveitis due to tuberculosis. Fundus imaging may have a useful role in defining clinical endpoints for ocular tuberculosis in the future.

KEYWORDS:

• Tuberculosis
• choroidal granuloma
• sarcoidosis
• tuberculoma
• optical coherence tomography
• fluorescein angiography

Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge efforts of Mr. Arun Kapil, Mr. Sushil Bhatt, and Mr. Nitin Gautam who helped in the acquisition of images in our case.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

Financial disclosures

None

Additional information

Funding

None