Interferon Alpha-2a for the Treatment of Cystoid Macular Edema Secondary to Acute Retinal Necrosis

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To report the results of interferon (IFN) α-2a treatment in patients with cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to acute retinal necrosis (ARN).

Methods

We reviewed the records of seven patients (eight eyes) who received IFNα-2a for post-ARN CME. The initial dose of IFNα-2a was 3 MIU/day and it could be tapered down to 3 MIU twice a week. Efficacy was assessed by central macular thickness (CMT) on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and visual acuity.

Results

Age range of seven patients (four men, three women) was 36–74 years. Mean CMT decreased from 477.9 ± 167.5 μm to 367.3 ± 120.5 μm at first week, and vision improved up to five lines in five eyes. CME relapsed after cessation of IFNα-2a in all and improved following reinstitution of treatment. Treatment was discontinued in one patient because of depression. Three patients electively discontinued treatment due to poor tolerability or lack of functional improvement.

Conclusion

IFNα-2a is an effective therapeutic option for post-ARN CME, though side effects such as fatigue, elevated liver enzymes, neutropenia, and depression may limit tolerability. Lower initial doses may be a better tolerated.

KEYWORDS:

• Acute retinal necrosis
• viral retinitis
• cystoid macular edema
• interferon alpha
• uveitic macular edema

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

Additional information

Funding

There was no funding for this study.