Normative Values for Near and Distance Clinical Tests of Stereoacuity

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Extensive literature exists on normative stereoacuity values for younger children, but there is less information about normative stereoacuity in older children/adults. Individual stereotests cannot be used interchangeably—knowing the upper limit of normality for each test is important. This report details normative stereoacuity values for 5 near/distance stereotests drawn from a large sample of participants aged 16-40 years, across 3 studies.

Methods: Participants (n=206, mean age 22.18±5.31 years) were administered the following stereotests: TNO, Preschool Randot, Frisby, Distance Randot, and Frisby-Davis 2. Medians and upper limits were calculated for each test.

Results: Upper limits for each stereotest were as follows: TNO (n=127, upper limit=120” arc), Preschool Randot (PSR, n=206, upper limit=70” arc), Frisby (n=206, upper limit=40” arc), Distance Randot (n=127, upper limit=160” arc), and Frisby-Davis 2 (n=109, upper limit=25” arc).

Conclusions: Normative values for each stereotest are identified and discussed with respect to other studies. Potential sources of variation between tests, within testing distances, are also discussed.

KEYWORDS:

• Normative
• stereopsis
• stereotest

Funding

At the time this paper was written, Marianne E. F. Piano was funded by Chief Scientist Office Grant ETM\375.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

At the time this paper was written, Marianne E. F. Piano was funded by Chief Scientist Office Grant ETM\375.