Abstract
The therapeutic elements of four types of helping interactions (friends/family, religion, cinematherapy/bibliotherapy, and self-help groups), and their commonalities with traditional psychotherapy are explored. Empirical findings in these areas are discussed, along with suggestions for process and outcome research. Recommendations for the integration of self-help and paraprofessional counseling with professional therapy are presented.
Acknowledgment
The writing of this article was supported by a scholarship to Georgios Lampropoulos from the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation, Athens, Greece.