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Abstract
Purpose: Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from wireless devices may affect biological systems by increasing free radicals. The present study was designed to determine the effects of 2.45 GHz EMR on the brain antioxidant redox system and electroencephalography (EEG) records in rat. The possible protective effects of selenium and L-carnitine were also tested and compared to untreated controls.
Materials and methods: Thirty rats were equally divided into five different groups, namely Group A1: Cage control, Group A2: Sham control, group B: 2.45 GHz EMR, group C: 2.45 GHz EMR + selenium, group D: 2.45 GHz EMR + L-carnitine. Groups B, C and D were exposed to 2.45 GHz EMR during 60 min/day for 28 days. End of the experiments, EEG records and the brain cortex samples were taken.
Results: The cortex brain vitamin A (p < 0.05), vitamin C (p < 0.01) and vitamin E (p < 0.05) concentrations values were lower in group B than in group A1 and A2 although their concentrations were increased by selenium and L-carnitine supplementation. Lipid peroxidation, levels were lower in group C (p < 0.05) and D (p < 0.01) than in group B where as reduced glutathione levels were higher in group C (p < 0.05) than in group A1, A2 and B. However, B-carotene levels did not change in the five groups.
Conclusions: L-carnitine and selenium seem to have protective effects on the 2.45 GHz-induced decrease of the vitamins by supporting antioxidant redox system. L-carnitine on the vitamin concentrations seems to more protective affect than in selenium.
| Abbreviations | ||
| ANOVA | = | analysis of variance |
| EEG | = | electroencephalography |
| EMF | = | electromagnetic fields |
| EMR | = | electromagnetic radiation |
| GSH | = | glutathione |
| GSH-Px | = | glutathione peroxidase |
| L-CAR | = | L-carnitine |
| LP | = | lipid peroxidation |
| LSD | = | least significance test |
| ROS | = | reactive oxygen species |
| SAR | = | specific absorption rate |
| SD | = | standard deviation |
| Se | = | selenium |
| Abbreviations | ||
| ANOVA | = | analysis of variance |
| EEG | = | electroencephalography |
| EMF | = | electromagnetic fields |
| EMR | = | electromagnetic radiation |
| GSH | = | glutathione |
| GSH-Px | = | glutathione peroxidase |
| L-CAR | = | L-carnitine |
| LP | = | lipid peroxidation |
| LSD | = | least significance test |
| ROS | = | reactive oxygen species |
| SAR | = | specific absorption rate |
| SD | = | standard deviation |
| Se | = | selenium |