Rehabilitation for disabling hearing loss: evaluating the need relative to provision of hearing aids in the public health care system

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the demand relative to supply of hearing rehabilitation through hearing aids for those with disabling hearing loss in a public health care setting in South Africa.

Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional survey of medical records of all patients were seen at a public hospital (Polokwane Provincial Academic) during 2012–2014, was conducted. Audiological data from 3894 medical folders were accessed and reviewed; thereafter, results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: Of the 3894 medical folders reviewed, two-third (62%, n = 2402) were diagnosed with hearing loss, mostly bilaterally (81%). More than 30% of all patients diagnosed with hearing loss were ≤10 years old. Sensorineural (permanent) hearing loss was diagnosed most often (38%, n = 913) and 74% (n = 1778) of hearing losses diagnosed were of moderate or worse severity (i.e., disabling loss). Hearing aids were fitted to only 15% (n = 272) of those diagnosed with disabling hearing loss and most hearing aid fittings were to low-income adult patients (≥25 years old) with more severe-profound hearing losses.

Conclusions: This study showed that the need for hearing aids to provide hearing rehabilitation far exceeds the supply. Therefore, a multi-pronged approach that includes increased budget allocation and exploring low-cost interventions for developing countries to meet the demand for hearing aids. Furthermore, study highlighted a high prevalence of hearing loss in those younger than 10 years of age, and thus highlights the need for early intervention as well as intensifying efforts to reduce preventable causes of hearing loss.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• Audiologists need to advocate for an increase in budget allocation for hearing rehabilitation devices.

• Study indicates need to explore low-cost hearing devices/rehabilitation interventions for developing countries.

• Health professionals should consider preventative measures to reduce prevalence of preventable hearing loss.

Keywords:

• Hearing aids
• hearing loss
• rehabilitation
• aural
• public health
• disabled persons

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge and thank the Polokwane Provincial Hospital audiology staff for their cooperation in the study as well as the Limpopo Provincial Department of Health for granting permission for the study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1 World Health Organization (2011) defines disabling hearing loss as a pure tone average (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) of ≥41 dB HL in the better hearing ear in adults and greater than 30 dB HL in pediatric patients.

2 2018 US$ to ZAR exchange rate of US$1 to ZAR12.57 (source: OANDA, https://www.oanda.com/currency/live-exchange-rates/USDZAR/).