Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Korean version of the quality of life assessment in spina bifida for children (QUALAS-C-K)

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the QUAlity of Life Assessment in Spina bifida for Children (QUALAS-C) and validate the Korean version of the QUALAS-C (QUALAS-C-K).

Materials and Methods

Three urologists translated the QUALAS-C into Korean. Facial and content validity were assessed in the pilot study. Back-translation into English was performed. In the main study, the QUALAS-C-K and Korean version of KIDSCREEN-27 were administered simultaneously. Test-retest reliability was confirmed by re-administering the QUALAS-C-K. Internal consistency was verified using Cronbach’s alpha. Factor analysis was performed, and convergent and divergent validity were demonstrated using the Korean version of KIDSCREEN-27.

Results

A total of 53 children with spina bifida participated in the main study. Cronbach’s alpha for the overall instrument determined good internal consistency (0.72–0.85), the intraclass correlation coefficient showed good stability (0.74–0.77), and the factor analysis converged to the same two-factor structure as in the original version. Construct validity revealed weak-to-moderate associations (r ≤ 0.57) between QUALAS-C-K and K-KIDSCREEN-27, indicating that QUALAS-C-K measures different aspects of the HRQOL than K-KIDSCEEN-27.

Conclusions

The QUALAS-C-K is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the health-related quality of life of children with SB in Korea.

IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION

• Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important patient-reported outcome among children with spina bifida (SB).

• The QUAlity of Life Assessment of Spina bifida for Children (QUALAS-C) is a self-reported, age-appropriate, and condition-specific HRQOL questionnaire for children with SB, developed in the United States.

• Our study demonstrated that the Korean version of the QUAlity of Life Assessment of Spina bifida for Children (QUALAS-C-K) is a valid and reliable tool.

• The QUALAS-C-K is a succinct and valuable questionnaire that can be used to assess HRQOL of children with SB, particularly focusing on bladder and bowel problems in clinical practice and research.

Keywords:

• Children
• spinal dysraphism
• quality of life
• fecal incontinence
• urinary incontinence
• reliability
• validity

Acknowledgements

We thank Professor Sang Won Han of the Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, and Spina Bifida Clinic of Severance Children for their help in recruiting participants.

Copyright of the QUALAS-C-K

Copyright 2015 Indiana University Research and Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. Contact information and permission to use: Konrad M. Szymanski, MD MPH, Indianapolis, IN, United States. E-mail: [email protected].

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by the 2019 Faculty-Student Research Fund of the College of Nursing and the Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute at Yonsei University (6-2019-0134). This research was supported by the Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea, Yonsei University College of Nursing. The funders did not play any role in the data collection, interpretation, or reporting in this study.