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Abstract
The effect of different solvents and three different acyl acceptors on the transesterification of triolein (as a model compound) was investigated. The yield of biodiesel (methyl or ethyl ester) was monitored as a function of time. The yield of the product was also determined in a solvent-free system for two different modes of stirring. The results indicate that the highest yield is obtained in a solvent-free system with mechanical stirring. Methyl acetate is also effective as a solvent and acyl acceptor. Biodiesel was also produced by transesterification of triglycerides (triolein) present in olive oil with methanol and Novozym® 435. The effect of the molar ratio of methanol to triolein, mode of methanol addition, enzyme activity and reaction temperature on overall conversion and yield was determined. The final conversion and yield of biodiesel after a reaction time of 24 h were unaffected by changes in these parameters over the range studied. Preliminary findings indicate that the results obtained from small scale reactors and fresh oil can be extended to larger reactors and used oil.