Peer Observation of Rounds Leads to Collegial Discussion of Teaching

ABSTRACT

Problem: Faculty in the Division of Hospital Medicine provide most of the clinical teaching for learners at our institution. The majority of these faculty are Assistant Professors with limited formal instruction in clinical teaching. Previous Divisional strategies to improve clinical teaching ability included discussion of effective teaching behaviors, developing written expectations for teaching faculty, and instituting seminars on effective clinical teaching. Heretofore, the Division had not utilized a direct observation exercise. Intervention: We developed a direct observation exercise to encourage discussion of teaching techniques and contemplation of change. Using a social learning model, we developed a peer-to-peer observation followed by a nonevaluative discussion. We created a tool for describing teaching behaviors in 5 domains that were similar to or different from the usual behavior of the observing peer: learner presentations, team leadership, bedside teaching, professionalism, and other. After the observation, the observing and observed faculty met to discuss observed teaching behaviors. Both faculty members discussed and then recorded any teaching behaviors that they planned to adopt or change. Context: We implemented this intervention in a 22-member Academic Division of Hospital Medicine at a tertiary care medical center in the United States. A high proportion were junior faculty and graduates of our residency program. Outcome: We reviewed records of 28 of 31 observations that were completed during the initial 9-month period of implementation and later surveyed faculty. The exercise resulted in planned changes in teaching behaviors that included instituting new methods to improve teaching team leadership, triaging of patients seen on rounds, faculty behaviors during oral presentations, giving real-time feedback, use of technology and humor, demonstrating physical examination findings, and modeling professional behaviors. Faculty later reported adoption of new teaching behaviors that were important to them. Lessons Learned: This exercise was easily implemented, resulted in planned changes by both observed and observing peers, and resulted in widespread adoption of some specific teaching behaviors. The most commonly planned change dealt with team leadership or organizational issues. When given the freedom to choose, junior faculty were more likely to observe senior faculty.

KEYWORDS:

• Faculty development
• hospital medicine
• medical education
• peer assessment
• teaching

Acknowledgments

A preliminary analysis of this exercise was presented in abstract and poster form at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, Toronto, Canada, April 22, 2015.¹⁹ We thank Dr. Gary Smith for his thoughtful and comprehensive review of earlier drafts of the manuscript.