Prescription Stimulant Misuse and Risk Correlates among Racially-Diverse Urban Adolescents

Abstract

Background

Most research on prescription stimulant misuse has focused on college students, and research on high school-aged adolescents is limited.

Objectives

This study aimed to characterize risk correlates of prescription stimulant misuse among a racially-diverse and socioeconomically-disadvantaged sample of urban adolescents.

Method

Cross-sectional data were drawn from an ongoing study of adolescent health behaviors, Project Teen. Participants were 414 9^th to 11^th graders (M_age=16.00 [SD = 1.08]; 57% female; 41% Black or African American, 22% White, 18% Asian, 17% Multiracial, 2% Pacific Islander, and 1% Native American; 12% Hispanic/Latinx). Participants completed a web-based survey assessing prescription stimulant misuse, demographics, mental health and personality, social environment, and substance use.

Results

Eight percent of participants endorsed past-year prescription stimulant misuse. Compared to non-misusing peers, participants endorsing past-year prescription stimulant misuse reported greater depression/anxiety symptoms, sensation seeking, perceived peer risk behavior, and alcohol and cigarette use, as well as a lower level of parental monitoring; null group differences were observed for academic goal orientation, perceived peer approval of risk behavior, and cannabis use. Binary logistic regression demonstrated that binge drinking and cigarette use were significantly associated with prescription stimulant misuse over and above all other identified risk variables.

Conclusions

Adolescent prescription stimulant misuse appears to overlap with general adolescent substance use, sharing several known risk correlates. Results highlight potential targets for identification of emerging prescription stimulant misuse risk profiles at earlier stages of development. Longitudinal replication is needed to examine directional associations and risk mechanisms underlying adolescent prescription stimulant misuse.

Keywords:

• stimulant misuse
• adolescent
• high school
• ADHD
• depression
• anxiety
• sensation seeking
• substance use
• peer norms
• diversity

Declaration of interest

In the past year, Kevin M. Antshel has received Investigator Initiated Research (IIR) funding from Takeda Pharmaceutical Company and has served as an Advisor to Arbor Pharmaceutical Company. All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by NIAAA grant R15 AA022496 and R01 AA027677 awarded to Aesoon Park.