Caffeine Motives and Expectancies for Individuals with High Anxiety Sensitivity

Abstract

Background: Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) is a transdiagnostic risk factor that includes fear of the potential physical and psychological consequences of anxiety-related symptoms. Caffeine consumption in high amounts is associated with symptoms of anxiety. Research on the relationship between AS and caffeine consumption has yielded inconsistent results. Objectives: In this study, we conducted an exploratory analysis to examine whether caffeine motives moderated the relationship between AS and high caffeine consumption. We also examined whether caffeine expectancies moderated the relationship between AS and high caffeine consumption. In addition, we assessed the bivariate relationships between AS and caffeine motives and between AS and caffeine expectancies. N = 317 participants completed an online survey using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Results: Results revealed that neither expectancies nor motives interacted with AS to predict high caffeine consumption. There was also no significant main effect of AS on high caffeine consumption. The only significant main effect in the prediction of high caffeine consumption was the use of caffeine for symptom management motives. In our follow-up analyses, high AS participants in the study expected that caffeine consumption would provoke anxiety. They also reported using caffeine for symptom management, taste, and social reasons. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the utility of AS as a predictor or foundation for higher amounts of substance use is not uniform across substances but rather depends on the type of substance in question.

Keywords:

• Anxiety sensitivity
• expectancies
• caffeine
• caffeine consumption
• motives

Acknowledgements

We would thank Dr. Daniel White and Dr. Harold Rosenberg for their helpful suggestions and guidance during the initial design of the study.

Declaration of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the article.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.