Boron phenyl alanine targeted ionic liquid decorated chitosan nanoparticles for mitoxantrone delivery to glioma cell line

Abstract

Nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery in cancer treatment. In this study, novel efficient pH-responsive boron phenylalanine (BPA) targeted nanoparticles (NPs) based on ionic liquid modified chitosan have been introduced for selective mitoxantrone (MTO) delivery to the U87MG glioma cells. Urocanic acid (UA) and imidazolium (Im) based ionic liquids were used for structural modification simultaneously. The NPs were prepared by ionic gelation and fully characterized; the pH-responding and swelling index of NPs were studied carefully. The drug release was studied at a pH of 5.5 in comparison to the neutral state. Also, the cytotoxicity of loaded NPs was evaluated on U87MG glial cells, and cellular uptake was studied. The NPs were smaller than 250 nm, with a spherical pattern and acceptable uniformity with a zeta potential around +20 mV. The loading efficacy was about 85%, and most of the loaded MTO released at a pH of 5.5 after 48 h with a swelling-controlled mechanism. The NPs showed a relatively lower IC₅₀ than the free MTO, and the BPA-targeted NPs have lower IC₅₀ and better cellular uptake than non-targeted NPs in U87MG cells. More studies on this promising formula are on the way, and the results will be published soon.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs)
• ionic liquid (IL)
• pH-responsive
• 4-boron-L-phenylalanine (BPA)
• glioblastoma (GB)
• mitoxantrone (MTO)

Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank the Research Vice Chancellery of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences for supporting this work.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).