Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a “silent epidemic” that creates a significant burden on health care resources across the globe. TBI is a dynamic process that involves damage to the brain, thus leading to behavioral, cognitive, and emotional consequences and poor quality of life. Neurofeedback training (NFT) was employed as an intervention to study its efficacy in postconcussion symptoms, cognitive deficits, and quality of life. A pre-post design was adopted in which the intervention group underwent NFT and the other waitlist group served as a control. NFT was found to be efficacious in ameliorating postconcussion symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions and improving quality of life.
Notes
Note: N = 60, 30 in the intervention group (IG) and 30 in the waitlist group (WG). VAS = Visual Analog Scale; RHIFQ = Rivermead Head Injury Follow-up Questionnaire; RPQ = Rivermead Post-Concussion Questionnaire; QOL = Quality of Life.
Note: N = 30. FTR = Finger Tapping Test (Right); FTL = Finger Tapping Test (Left); DSST = Digit Symbol Substitution Test; DVT = Digit Vigilance Test; ANT = Animal Names Test; WM 1 B H = Working Memory 1 Back Hits; WM 2 B H = Working Memory 2 Back Hits; TOL = Tower of London Test; WCST PR = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Perseverative Responses); WCST CLR = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Conceptual Level Responses); STROOP = Stroop Test–; AVLT = Auditory Verbal Learning Test (IR = Immediate Recall; DR = Delayed Recall); CFT = Complex Figure Test (IR = Immediate Recall; DR = Delayed Recall).
Note. N = 30. FTR = Finger Tapping Test (Right); FTL = Finger Tapping Test (Left); DSST = Digit Symbol Substitution Test; DVT = Digit Vigilance Test; ANT = Animal Names Test; WM 1 B H = Working Memory 1 Back Hits; WM 2 B H = Working Memory 2 Back Hits; TOL = Tower of London Test; WCST PR = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Perseverative Responses); WCST CLR = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Conceptual Level Responses); STROOP = Stroop Test–; AVLT = Auditory Verbal Learning Test (IR = Immediate Recall; DR = Delayed Recall); CFT = Complex Figure Test (IR = Immediate Recall; DR = Delayed Recall.