Abstract
Some studies suggest that alcohol and illicit substance abuse has an adverse effect on behavior, sexual performance, and reproduction. The aim of the paper is to present an overview of the effects of substance abuse and its risks for reproduction. Alcohol abuse is associated with high-risk behaviors and individuals who abuse alcohol are at risk for sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy. The primary concern of alcohol misuse in pregnancy is its teratogenic potential result that can in fetal alcohol syndrome and potential miscarriage. Cocaine is associated with perinatal complications and spontaneous abortion following maternal abuse during pregnancy and other risky behaviors. Cannabis also is associated with perinatal complications such as miscarriage, intrauterine growth restrictions, abruptio placentae, pre-term delivery, and neurobehavioral abnormalities. A preventative approach needs to be implemented in order to reduce the risks associated with substance abuse and to provide minimal interventions at primary and community care settings.