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Research Article

The galaxy of the ‘silent majority’: committees, public figures and ideas of order in Italy from 1968 into the 1970s

Received 02 May 2023, Accepted 27 Mar 2024, Published online: 07 May 2024
 

ABSTRACT

The aim of this article is to set in international context the deployment of the idea of ‘silent majority’ as a rhetorical weapon and form of political mobilization in Italy. Starting from the first and best-known case in Milan in 1971, the article maps a network of grass-roots committees and public figures who used this label to delegitimize and oppose left-wing protest movements. This article draws on sources from the archives of the Ministry of the Interior, the press, and memoirs to analyse a political phenomenon of public opinion that was nationwide in scope and would extend from 1968 into the 1970s, and which cannot be reduced simply to neo-fascism and subversive motives even though it has been commonly associated with these terms in Italy. Fear of Communism and intolerance for street demonstrations by students and workers overlapped with the defence of morality and urban decorum, while demands for security in response to what were claimed to be rampant crime were interwoven with the calls for moderate reforms in the university system. By investigating these multiple demands for the restoration of the established order, this article opens the way for transnational comparisons with other Western countries in ways that may help overcoming the difficulties of defining a conservative and right-wing sphere of influence in Republican Italy.

RIASSUNTO

Lo scopo dell’articolo è inserire nel dibattito internazionale il caso italiano di diffusione dell’idea di ‘maggioranza silenziosa’, come arma retorica e di mobilitazione politica. Partendo dal caso più noto, quello di Milano nel 1971, si mappa una rete di comitati di base e personalità che utilizzarono quella etichetta per delegittimare e contrastare i movimenti di protesta di sinistra. Le fonti sono quelle d’archivio del ministero dell’Interno, la stampa e la memorialistica. Così emerge un fenomeno politico d’opinione, di carattere nazionale ed esteso tra gli anni Sessanta e i Settanta – con un focus sul 1968 – non riducibile al neofascismo e a finalità eversive, che pur caratterizzarono l’uso di quella espressione in Italia. La paura del comunismo e l’insofferenza per le dimostrazioni di piazza di studenti e lavoratori si sovrapposero alla difesa della moralità e del decoro urbano, il bisogno di sicurezza di fronte alla criminalità comune, percepita come dilagante, si intrecciò con la richiesta di cambiamenti moderati del sistema universitario. Indagando queste molteplici richieste di ripristino dell’ordine costituito, è possibile aprire prospettive di comparazione transazionale con gli altri paesi occidentali, superando le difficoltà di definizione di un ambito politico conservatore e di destra nell’Italia repubblicana.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Luigi Ambrosi

Luigi Ambrosi is Associate Professor (ASN) in Contemporary History. He has a PhD from ‘La Sapienza’ University of Rome and has published two monographs (La rivolta di Reggio. Storia di territori, violenza e populismo nel 1970; Prefetti in terra rossa. Conflittualità e ordine pubblico a Modena nel periodo del centrismo (1947–1953), contributed numerous essays to scientific journals, and delivered speeches at both national and international conferences. His research interests include the history of social and political movements, political cultures (including right-wing, left-wing, populist, etc.), territorial identities, political violence and public order, and history teaching methodology. He is a member of the Sissco ‘Didactics and Schools’ Commission.

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