Terminalia catappa attenuates phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia and hepato-renal toxicity in male Wistar rat by boosting blood cells, modulation of lipoproteins and up-regulation of in vivo antioxidant armouries

Abstract

Aim

This study investigated the haematinic, antihyperlipidaemic, hepato-renal protective effects of Terminalia catappa aqueous leaf extract on male Wistar rats exposed to phenylhydrazine toxicity.

Methods

Animals were exposed to phenylhydrazine (PHZ) 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal for two consecutive days thereafter, treated with T. catappa extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) orally for 21 days. After the experimentation, animals were sedated with ketamine (70 mg/kg) and euthanized by cervical dislodgement. Blood and organs were collected for haematology and biochemical studies following standard laboratory methods.

Results

Our study showed that T. catappa significantly increased erythrocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit and high density lipoprotein as well as down-regulating leukocytes, thrombocytes, ALP AST, ALT creatinine, urea, total cholesterol as well as low density lipoprotein. The liver, kidney and spleen antioxidant defence were also up-regulated against the adverse effect caused by phenylhydrazine exposure.

Conclusion

Terminalia catappa attenuated Phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia and hepato-renal toxicity in male Wistar rat by boosting blood cells, modulation of lipoproteins and up-regulation of in vivo antioxidant armouries.

Keywords:

• antioxidants
• renal function
• liver enzymes
• hyperlipidaemia
• Terminalia catappa

Acknowledgement

The technical knowledge of Divic Specialist Diagnostic Laboratory, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria and Bridge-biotech research laboratory, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria are gratefully acknowledged by the authors.

Contributions of authors

Elizabeth B Umoren: Supervision, Funding acquisition, Methodology. Elizabeth B Umoren, Jerome N Asiwe: Visualisation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition. Anthony Chibuzor Nnamudi, Augustine I.L. Bassey: Software, Validation, Validation. Emmanuel U Modo, Okon E. Etim: Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft. Idara A. Okon, Amangieka A. Levi, Clement Nyenke, Anthony Chibuzor Nnamudi, Emmanuel U. Modo, Gospel Nwikue: Supervision, Writing – review and editing. Elizabeth B Umoren, Jerome N Asiwe: Conceptualisation, Software, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review and editing.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Ethical consideration

PAMO University of Medical Science Research Ethics Committee approved the study (PUMS-AREC/2022/0102) and the procedure closely complied with the ARRIVE recommendations as outlined in the 1996 revision of NIH Publication No. 85-23.

Funding

The study was entirely self-funded by the authors.

Data accessibility statement

This manuscript includes all of the study’s data.