Menopause alters the metabolism of serum serotonin precursors and their correlation with gonadotropins and estradiol

Abstract

Objective Tryptophan, the serotonin (5-HT) precursor, is circulating in blood in both free (FT) and protein-bound forms. The free form crosses the hematoencephalic barrier and is converted into 5-HT. During the fertile years, tryptophan levels are negatively correlated to gonadotropin concentrations. The present study aims to evaluate the correlation between circulating tryptophan, gonadotropin and estradiol (E2) levels postmenopause.

Methods Serum levels of total tryptophan (TT, free + protein-bound) and FT, and plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and E2 were determined in 15 postmenopausal women and 15 cycling women during follicular (days 7–10), periovulatory (days 13–16) and luteal (days 21–24) phases of the menstrual cycle. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, linear correlation coefficients and hierarchical cluster analysis of variables.

Results TT, but not FT, levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in postmenopausal (12.07 ± 0.40 µg/ml) than fertile women in the periovulatory period (10.46 ± 0.36 µg/ml). In postmenopausal women, there was no significant correlation between TT and FT, nor between these tryptophan forms and gonadotropins, but only between FT and E2. Cluster analysis showed that the main cluster composed by FSH–LH–TT–FT observed in fertile women was absent in postmenopause, since both serum tryptophan forms were distant from gonadotropins.

Conclusion High TT levels circulate in postmenopausal women, with lack of correlation between TT and FT, and FT/TT and gonadotropins. Since estrogens play a pivotal role on central 5-HT metabolism, estrogen deprivation may alter the brain tryptophan utilization for 5-HT synthesis and its relation to gonadotropin release.

Key words:

• Menopause
• Tryptophan
• Serotonin
• Gonadotropins
• Steroid hormones