Working memory training improvements and gains in non-trained cognitive tasks in young and older adults

ABSTRACT

Previous studies on working memory training have indicated that transfer to non-trained tasks of other cognitive domains may be possible. The aim of this study is to compare working memory training and transfer effects between younger and older adults (n = 60). A novel approach to adaptive n-back training (12 sessions) was implemented by varying the working memory load and the presentation speed. All participants completed a neuropsychological battery of tests before and after the training. On average, younger training participants achieved difficulty level 12 after training, while older training participants only reached difficulty level 5. In younger participants, transfer to Verbal Fluency and Digit Symbol Substitution test was found. In older participants, we observed a transfer to Digit Span Forward, CERAD Delayed Recall, and Digit Symbol Substitution test. Results suggest that working memory training may be a beneficial intervention for maintaining and improving cognitive functioning in old age.

Keywords:

• Aging
• Working memory
• Training
• Transfer
• Processing speed
• Executive functions

This work was supported in part by the German National Academic Foundation grant to S.H.; the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF 01QG87164 and 01GS08195 and 01GQ0914) and by a MaxNetAging award to M.A.R. We thank Amit Evron for proofreading the manuscript. Fractions of the current work are part of two unpublished dissertation theses. No conflicts of interest are to report.