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Feature Articles

The structural-personal interaction: Occupational deprivation and asylum seekers in Australia

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Pages 321-338 | Accepted 03 Feb 2016, Published online: 02 Mar 2016
 

ABSTRACT

Asylum seekers experience occupational deprivation in the context of restrictive social structures while awaiting refugee visa-status determination. How do social structures of citizenship status and policy shape asylum seekers’ experiences? Asylum seekers’ experiences in Australia are examined using constructivist grounded theory. Field notes from 10 months of weekly participant observation, 11 formal interviews, 34 survey responses and four policy documents are combined to identify a substantive theory - the Structural-Personal Interaction (SPI). The SPI explains how occupational deprivation arises from an interaction between social structures and personal characteristics. Social structures of citizenship status and policy interact with asylum seekers’ personal characteristics, resulting in experiences of “having nothing to do”, a fundamental component of occupational deprivation. From the SPI, new insights regarding occupational deprivation emerge. Occupational deprivation can stem from an interaction between social structures and personal characteristics. While the SPI is a substantive theory and further research across a range of settings would be beneficial for its generalization, occupational deprivation's structural roots and connections to human vulnerabilities and resilience are discernable when considered in light of the SPI. Strategies to address occupational deprivation might target changes to social structures as well as build on individual strengths and human diversity.

Las personas que buscan asilo viven un desamparo ocupacional en un contexto de estructuras sociales restrictivas mientras esperan la determinación del estado del visado de refugiado. Cómo definen las estructuras sociales del estado de ciudadanía y las políticas las experiencias de las personas que buscan asilo? Se examinarán las experiencias de las personas que buscan asilo en Australia utilizando una teoría constructivista fundamentada. Se han combinado las notas de campo de 10 meses de observación semanal de los participantes, 11 entrevistas formales, 34 respuestas de encuestas y cuatro documentos de políticas para identificar una teoría sustancial: La Interacción Personal-Estructural (SPI). La SPI explica como el desamparo ocupacional surge por una interacción entre las estructuras sociales y las características personales. Las estructuras sociales del estado de ciudadanía y las políticas interactúan con las características personales de las personas que buscan asilo, resultando en experiencias como por ejemplo “el no tener nada que hacer”, un componente fundamental del desamparo ocupacional. Desde SPI, emergen nuevos puntos de vista acerca del desamparo ocupacional. El desamparo ocupacional puede crecer a partir de la interacción entre las estructuras sociales y las características personales. Mientras que SPI es una teoría sustancial y estudios más amplios a través de varios asentamientos serían beneficiosos para su generalización, las raíces de las estructuras del desamparo ocupacional y las conexiones con las vulnerabilidades humanas, además de la resistencia, son perceptibles cuando se considera a la luz SPI. Estrategias centradas en el desamparo ocupacional podrían dirigirse hacia los cambios en las estructuras como también para construir fortalezas individuales y diversidad humana.

寻求庇护者在等待难民签证决定时经受着限制性社会结构环境中的休闲剥夺。公民身份和政策的社会结构如何影响寻求庇护者的经历?使用建构主义基础理论对寻求庇护者在澳大利亚的经历进行审查。历时十个月的每周参与者观察记录、十一次正式采访、三十四份调查反馈和四个政策性文件相结合,确定了一个实质性的理论 ——结构 - 人的互动(SPI)。 SPI解释了休闲剥夺如何产生于社会结构和个人特征之间的相互作用。公民身份和政策的社会结构与寻求庇护者的个人特征相互作用,导致“无事可做”的经历,这是休闲剥夺的基本部分。根据SPI,出现了关于休闲剥夺的新见解。休闲剥夺可以由社会结构和个人特征之间的相互作用而造成。SPI是实质性的理论,对此在一系列的背景中进一步研究将有益于它的推广。从SPI的角度来考虑,休闲剥夺的结构性根源以及与人类脆弱性和强韧性的关系是有迹可寻的。解决休闲剥夺的策略可能针对社会结构的变化,并且建立在个人强项和人类多样性的基础上。

Acknowledgements

The authors offer heartfelt gratitude to the asylum seekers who participated in this research despite the risky situations in which they were seeking protection and where anonymity was of utmost importance. In particular their compassion for others in similar situations and their strong desire to share their stories is acknowledged. Thanks to the health and social services professionals who participated in this research as well. Not only for the information they contributed to this research project, but also for the time they offered amidst their extremely demanding jobs supporting asylum seekers and the support they offered to asylum seeker participants in order to ensure their safety and emotional well-being throughout the research process.

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