Drug safety evaluation of roflumilast for the treatment of COPD: a meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Roflumilast is the only phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor approved for the treatment of COPD patients with chronic cough and sputum, and a history of exacerbations, but the compliance to treatment is reduced by poorly tolerated adverse events (AEs).

Areas covered: The synthesis of clinical evidences indicates that roflumilast 500μg once-daily increased the risk of AEs, with no impact on the risk of serious AEs (SAEs), compared with placebo. Gastrointestinal AEs were common in patients treated with roflumilast, that may also induce headache, backpain and insomnia. Roflumilast protects against COPD related AEs. The frequency of very SAEs was rare but greater in patients treated with roflumilast than placebo, although factors other than the study drug were related with these SAEs.

Expert opinion: The safety profile of roflumilast administered in combination with further drugs for the treatment of COPD should be investigated through specifically designed RCTs, and the post-marketing surveillance might help to characterize the real risk of very SAEs. Roflumilast may provide more benefit than harm in patients at high risk of severe exacerbations, and the therapy discontinuation may be reduced by a correct education of patients on the generally transient and mild-to-moderate nature of gastrointestinal AEs induced by this drug.

KEYWORDS:

• Rofllumilast
• PDE4 inhibitor
• adverse events
• safety
• meta-analysis

Declaration of interest

M Cazzola has received honoraria for speaking and/or consulting from Takeda. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.