Growth restriction: identifying fetuses at risk

Abstract

Purpose: Examine risks of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and composite perinatal outcomes with estimated fetal weights (EFW) 10–20th%, and compare outcomes using umbilical artery Doppler (UAD).

Materials and methods: Retrospective, cohort evaluating ultrasound (US) EFW 10–20th%, between 2002 and 2012. Cases were identified with EFW % 10–20. Controls, EFW >20th% were obtained for each case, matched by gestational age, and US date. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression was used for outcomes.

Results: Seven hundred and sixty-seven cases met criteria with matched controls. Fetuses having EFW 10–20th% (GA 33.6 ± 3.7 weeks) had increased IUGR on follow up ultrasound (OR 26.5[10.2–68.7], p < .01), small for gestational age (SGA) (OR 9.2 [6.9–12.3], p < .01), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions (OR 2.4 [1.6–3.6], p < .01), and composite perinatal morbidity (OR 7.8 [6.0–10.1], p < .01) on adjusted analyses. Abnormal UAD in cases had greater rates of 5 min Apgar <7, NICU admission and composite morbidity (p < .05).

Conclusions: Pregnancies with EFW 10–20th% at the time of initial US are at increased risk for developing IUGR and being SGA at birth, with more NICU admissions and composite perinatal outcomes; abnormal UAD evaluation in cases conveyed further increase in outcomes.

Keywords:

• At risk fetus
• estimated fetal weight
• intrauterine growth restriction
• ultrasound
• Doppler