Antiplasmodial and anticancer activities of xanthones isolated from Garcinia bancana Miq.

Abstract

This report describes the isolation and characterization of xanthones from Garcinia bancana Miq. and evaluates their antiplasmodial and anticancer activities. Macluraxanthone (1), isojacareubin (2), and gerontoxanthone C (3) were isolated from the stem bark of G. bancana Miq. for the first time. In silico molecular docking studies revealed the hydrogen bonding and steric interactions between xanthones (1–3) and PfLDH/VEGFR2. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity was assayed against the chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) method. The anticancer evaluation was evaluated against the A549, MCF-7, HeLa, and B-16 cancer cell lines. Compounds (1) (IC₅₀ 8.45–16.71 μM) and (3) (IC₅₀ 9.69–14.86 μM) showed more potent anticancer activity than compound (2) (IC₅₀ 25.46–31.31 μM), as well for their antiplasmodial activity (4.28 μM, 5.52 μM, 11.45 μM). Our findings indicated the potential of G. bancana Miq. as a natural resource of antiplasmodial and anticancer compounds.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Clusiaceae
• Garcinia bancana Miq.
• xanthone
• antiplasmodial
• anticancer
• molecular docking

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was fully supported by the research scheme of the PMDSU Scholarship from the Ministry of Education and Culture, Republic of Indonesia. The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Edwin Risky Sukandar for his structure elucidation discussions, Prof. Dr. Siswandono for his assistance in compiling the molecular docking data, and BP2LHK Banjarbaru for assistance in collecting the plant materials.