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Original Articles

Auditory-visual discourse comprehension by older and young adults in favorable and unfavorable conditions

, , , , &
Pages S31-S37 | Received 01 Jul 2008, Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

This investigation examined how age and test condition affect one's ability to comprehend discourse passages, and determined whether age and test condition affect discourse comprehension and closed-set sentence recognition in a similar way. Young and older adults were tested with closed-set sentences from the newly-created build-a-sentence test (BAS) and a series of discourse passages in two audiovisual conditions: favorable, where the talker's head was clearly visible and the signal-to-babble ratio (SBR) was more optimal; and unfavorable, where the contrast sensitivity of the visual signal was reduced and the SBR was less optimal. The older participants recognized fewer words in the BAS than the young participants in both test conditions. Degrading the viewing and listening conditions led to a greater decline in their performance than in the young participants’ performance. The older participants also did not perform as well at comprehending spoken discourse in the two test conditions. However, unlike the results from the BAS, the age difference for discourse comprehension was not exacerbated by unfavorable conditions. When attempting to comprehend discourse, older adults may draw upon verbal and cognitive abilities that are relatively insensitive to age.

Abbreviations
BAS=

Build-a-sentence test

CNS=

Central nervous system

LISN=

Lectures, interviews, and spoken narrative test

PTA=

Pure-tone average

SBR=

Signal-to-babble ratio

WAIS-V=

Wechsler adult intelligence scale

Abbreviations
BAS=

Build-a-sentence test

CNS=

Central nervous system

LISN=

Lectures, interviews, and spoken narrative test

PTA=

Pure-tone average

SBR=

Signal-to-babble ratio

WAIS-V=

Wechsler adult intelligence scale

Sumario

La investigación examinó cómo la edad y las condiciones de la prueba afectan nuestra capacidad de comprender los pasajes de un discurso, y determinan si con la edad las condiciones de la prueba afectan, de la misma manera, la comprensión del discurso y el reconocimiento de frases de lista cerrada. Se evaluaron adultos jóvenes y viejos con listados cerrados de frases de la nueva prueba Construya-una-Oración (BAS) y con una series de pasajes de discurso en dos condiciones audiovisuales: favorable, donde la cabeza del hablante era claramente visible y la tasa de señal-balbuceo (SBR) era óptima; y desfavorable, donde la sensibilidad de contraste de la señal visual era reducida y la SBR no era óptima. Los participantes mayores reconocieron menos palabras del BAS que los jóvenes, en ambas condiciones de evaluación. La degradación de las condiciones de escucha y visión llevaron a un mayor deterioro en su desempeño con relación al desempeño de los participantes jóvenes. Los adultos mayores tampoco rindieron tan bien en la comprensión de discurso hablado en las dos condiciones de evaluación. Sin embargo, a diferencia de los resultados del BAS, la diferencia de edad para la comprensión del discurso no se incrementó por las condiciones desfavorables. Cuando intentan comprender el discurso, los adultos mayores pueden ayudarse de habilidades verbales y cognitivas que son relativamente insensibles a la edad.

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