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Original Articles

Communication as an ecological system

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Pages S131-S138 | Received 16 Nov 2008, Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

A conceptual framework for human communication, based on traditional biological ecology, is further developed. The difference between communication at the message and behavioural levels is emphasized. Empirical data are presented from various studies, showing that degree of satisfaction with communication is correlated with how close the outcome is to the memory of function prior to hearing impairment. We found no indication that hearing-impaired subjects overestimated their previous hearing or the hearing of normal-hearing people. Satisfaction was also correlated with the outcome and degree of fulfilment of expectations. It did not correlate with improvement of function. The concept of balance was presented and tested using a semi-quantitative approach. Several projects were presented in which the framework was applied: the hearing impaired as counsellor, choosing sides in unilateral deafness, a monitoring device for the deafblind, interaction between Swedish as a second language and hearing impairment, language development in hearing impaired children. By regarding hearing as a component of a communicative system, the perspective of audiological analysis and rehabilitation is broadened.

Sumario

Se desarrolla a continuación un marco conceptual sobre la comunicación humana basado en la biología ecológica tradicional. Se enfatiza la diferencia entre comunicación en el mensaje y en los niveles de comportamiento. Se presentan datos empíricos de varios estudios mostrando que el grado de satisfacción con la comunicación está en correlación con la cercanía entre el resultado y la memoria de la función previa a la pérdida auditiva. No encontramos indicaciones de que los sujetos hipoacúsicos sobrestimaran su audición previa, o la audición de las personas normoyentes. La satisfacción también se correlacionó con el resultado y el grado de alcance de las expectativas. No se correlacionó con la mejoría en la función. El concepto de balance se presentó y se probó utilizando un acercamiento semi-cuantitativo. Se presentaron varios proyectos en los que el marco conceptual fue aplicado: el hipoacúsico como consejero, escogiendo lados en una sordera unilateral, un dispositivo de monitoreo para los sordos-ciegos, interacciones entre el sueco como segunda lengua e hipoacusia, desarrollo del lenguaje en niños hipoacúsicos. En lo que respecta a la audición como componente de un sistema comunicativo, la perspectiva de un análisis audiológico y rehabilitatorio es ampliada.

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