1,749
Views
124
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Use of supportive context by younger and older adult listeners: Balancing bottom-up and top-down information processing

Pages S72-S82 | Received 06 Mar 2008, Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Older adults often have more difficulty listening in challenging environments than their younger adult counterparts. On the one hand, auditory aging can exacerbate and/or masquerade as cognitive difficulties when auditory processing is stressed in challenging listening situations. On the other hand, an older listener can overcome some auditory processing difficulties by deploying compensatory cognitive processing, especially when there is supportive context. Supportive context may be provided by redundant cues in the external signal(s) and/or by internally stored knowledge about structures that are functionally significant in communication. It seems that listeners may achieve correct word identification in various ways depending on the challenges and supports available in complex auditory scenes. We will review evidence suggesting that older adults benefit as much or more than younger adults from supportive context at multiple levels where expectations or constraints may be related to redundancies in semantic, syntactic, lexical, phonological, or other sub-phonemic cues in the signal, and/or to expert knowledge of structures at these levels.

Abbreviations
ELU=

Ease of language understanding

PET=

Positron emission tomography

SPIN-R=

Revised speech perception in noise test

Abbreviations
ELU=

Ease of language understanding

PET=

Positron emission tomography

SPIN-R=

Revised speech perception in noise test

Sumario

Los adultos mayores tienen con frecuencia mayores dificultades al escuchar en ambientes desafiantes, que los adultos más jóvenes. Por una parte, el envejecimiento auditivo puede exacerbar y/o enmascarar, como en las dificultades cognitivas(,) cuando el procesamiento auditivo se enfatiza en situaciones desafiantes para escuchar. Por la otra, un sujeto mayor puede sobreponerse a algunas dificultades de procesamiento auditivo haciendo uso de procesamiento auditivo compensatorio, especialmente cuando existe un contexto de apoyo. El contexto de apoyo puede ser aportado por claves en las señales externas y/o por conocimientos almacenados internamente acerca de las estructuras que son significativamente funcionales en la comunicación. Parece ser que algunos oyentes pueden lograr una interpretación correcta de las palabras de diferentes maneras dependiendo de los retos y de los apoyos disponibles en escenarios auditivos complejos. Revisaremos las evidencias que sugieren que los adultos mayores se benefician tanto o más que los adultos jóvenes de los contextos de apoyo en múltiples niveles, en los que las expectativas y las limitaciones pueden relacionarse con la redundancia semántica, sintáctica, léxica, fonológica o de otras claves sub-fonémicas de la señal y/o evidenciar conocimiento de las estructuras en estos niveles.

Log in via your institution

Log in to Taylor & Francis Online

PDF download + Online access

  • 48 hours access to article PDF & online version
  • Article PDF can be downloaded
  • Article PDF can be printed
USD 65.00 Add to cart

Issue Purchase

  • 30 days online access to complete issue
  • Article PDFs can be downloaded
  • Article PDFs can be printed
USD 194.00 Add to cart

* Local tax will be added as applicable

Related Research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.